MASLD in the Next Generation: Metabolic and Lifestyle Factors Shaping the Disease in Young Adults

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become an alarming and growing health issue among young adults, closely linked to rising rates of obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and metabolic dysfunction. This narrative review comprehensively examines the multifactorial risk factors underlying MASLD development and progression in young adults, emphasizing metabolic, lifestyle, environmental, and behavioural factors. Key metabolic factors include insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hormonal imbalances, while lifestyle behaviours such as unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and disrupted sleep patterns significantly exacerbate the disease risk. Additionally, developmental and reproductive influences unique to this age group further complicate the disease landscape. Recognizing these interconnected drivers is crucial for early detection and effective prevention strategies. The review also underscores the importance of tailored lifestyle interventions and public health initiatives aimed at mitigating MASLD’s burden among this vulnerable population. By highlighting the complex interplay of factors shaping MASLD in young adults, this review aims to inform future research, clinical practice, and policy development focused on addressing this emerging epidemic.