Multi-Mode CPW-Fed Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for High-Gain THz Wireless and Ultra-Sensitive Sensing Applications

This research introduces a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-coupled single cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (SCDRA) and expands the investigation to a four-element linear array circular dielectric resonator antenna (LACDRA) to improve performance at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The design is optimized for functioning at around 4 THz, with supplementary resonances detected at 5 THz, 6 THz, and higher frequencies. The research encompasses a parametric examination of substrate thickness and its effects on resonant frequency and impedance matching. The singular DRA design exhibits multiple mode excitation, encompassing HEM11, TM110, and TE111, which enhances operational bandwidth and ensures consistent gain performance. The radiation properties of SCDRA demonstrate peak gains of 6.16 dB, 7.04 dB, and 8.31 dB at frequencies of 4 THz, 5 THz, and 6 THz, respectively. A four-element LACDRA design is presented to enhance directivity and gain. The LACDRA demonstrates a maximum gain of 10.88 dB at 4.5 THz, featuring improved polarization purity and less cross-polarization losses. The results indicate that CPW-fed DRAs are exceptionally appropriate for THz wireless communication, imaging systems, and bio-sensing applications, providing a small, efficient, and broadband solution.