Clinical Description of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Cuba

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The World Health Organization in 2023 states that it is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide. Cuba is among the countries with low incidence in the Americas. Efforts are ongoing to achieve the goals of the "End Tuberculosis Strategy."Objective: To describe the clinical aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis in Cuba.Materials and Methods: The historical-logical method was used. Data were obtained through the review of 20 publications from 2020 to 2025.Results and Discussion: Mycobacterium tuberculosis has virulence factors supported by cell wall characteristics that aid its survival and spread. Tuberculosis is contracted through inhalation of aerosol droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a susceptible person. Symptoms include fever, cough, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, and hemoptysis. In Cuba, diagnostic techniques include sputum smear microscopy, bacteriological culture, and the tuberculin test. Multidrug therapy is systematically administered in 100% of diagnosed cases.