This model examines resilience dynamics in a Czech panel survey, highlighting links between polarisation and negative emotions.
This paper presents a multilevel model of resilience for testing with the Czech Attitude Barometer panel survey (CAB, 2024–2027). Individual resilience is defined using the Brief Resilience Scale. Development of the multilevel model of resilience is based on a macro-micro-macro theory that is grounded at the individual-level using Appraisal Theory. Multilevel resilience is theorised to have three facets: individual, community and societal. One purpose of the multilevel model of resilience developed here is to study how polarisation is related to resilience through negative emotions (anger, anxiety and fear) using multilevel statistical methods.
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Lyons et al. (2025) studied this question.
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