Digital-based cash waqf behavioural scale: a maqasid approach

Purpose This study introduced the Digital-Based Cash Waqf Behavioural Scale (DiCABSCALE) to examine the behavioural patterns of waqifs in Malaysia. The scale is structured around four key constructs: Perceived Educational Programme (PEP), Perceived Justice (PJ), Perceived Welfare (PW) and Perceived Institutional Effectiveness (PIE). Design/methodology/approach DiCABSCALE was developed based on the maqasid al-Shariah framework and its applicability was empirically tested among 1,025 waqifs using SPSS version 26. Findings DiCABSCALE demonstrated acceptable levels of validity, reliability, correlation and generalisability. Among its constructs, PW recorded the highest mean index score (1.1990), whereas PJ registered the lowest (1.0340). Research limitations/implications The scope of the findings was limited by the selected geographical areas, the specific sample population and the technological settings employed in the study. Practical implications By utilising DiCABSCALE, waqf institutions can strengthen cash waqf behaviour among waqifs, thereby promoting sustained contributions and ensuring the long-term sustainability of cash waqf initiatives. Originality/value This study introduced the newly developed DiCABSCALE to analyse waqif cash waqf contributions within the Malaysian context.