Management of E-Waste in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: A Study on Stakeholder Engagement Using an Ecological Approach

E-waste (electrical and electronic waste) is a significant environmental concern, both now and in the future, as it is the most widely produced solid waste worldwide. Unfortunately, only a small fraction of the e-waste produced (17%) is officially collected and recycled. This is concerning because most electronic equipment contains toxic substances, such as lead and mercury, which can be very dangerous if released into the environment. To address this issue, it is important to involve all stakeholders in the e-waste recycling program. Every stakeholder has an important role to play in ensuring that the program is effective. A study was conducted in the city of Kota Kinabalu to identify the roles and issues faced by stakeholders in e-waste recycling activities. The research involved representatives from the population, government agencies, NGOs and private entities. The data was collected using an interview guide form, and the results were categorized into two themes: the roles and issues faced by each stakeholder. An ecological conceptual framework has been used to identify the linkages between all stakeholders involved in the issue of e-waste recycling. In general, the success of the e-waste recycling programme depends mainly on the involvement of all stakeholders. However, there are several obstacles to such involvement, including unclear rules for private entities by government agencies, lack of infrastructure for residents, and inconsistencies in programs by NGOs. Therefore, it is important to address these research findings to ensure progress in the e-waste recycling program. The issues identified in the study must be addressed, as they have a significant impact on the success of the programme.