Molecular detection and probiotic treatment for bacteria that cause diarrhea

Background: Misdiagnosis of the pathogen leads to serious consequences. Diarrhea is a worldwide health problem that kills 1.3 million people each year. Diarrhea can be induced by a variety of causes. However, infectious agents like bacteria are among the leading causes. Several resistant bacterial strains are emerging that tend to spread globally; hence, resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a global health threat. The study aimed to ascertain the Saccharomyces boulardii filter's impact on lowering the virulence of the bacterial species that cause diarrhea and the extent of genetic affinity between those organisms.Methods: 350 stool samples were investigated for all age groups who suffer from diarrhea, using biochemical and molecular methods.Results: Biochemical diagnosis were 2.28% for Salmonella and 0.57% for Enterobacter aerogenes, while molecular diagnosis didn’t record any percentage for the mentioned bacteria, therefore molecular test was a better way to properly diagnose bacterial species, the causes of diarrhea are bacteria, viruses, parasites, medications, and toxins. The molecular identification of isolates by PCR technique and sequencing of 16S rDNA gene indicated that 12 isolates belonged to the genera Enterobacter cloacae, Cronobacter sakazakii, and Aeromonas hydrophila. The study revealed that there is a difference in the rates of resistance of isolates to some antibiotics before and after exposing them to probiotics. Where the percentage of antibiotic resistance was recorded before exposure to probiotics were piperacilline (91.6%), cefotaxime/clavulanic acid (41.6%), and tetracycline (25%), while the percentage of antibiotic resistance after exposure to probiotics were (58.3%) piperacillin, (0%) cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, and (0%) tetracycline. Where the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics decreases after exposing them to probiotics.Conclusion: The molecular diagnostic method is more accurate method to diagnose the bacterial species with complete accuracy. The Saccharomyces boulardii filter had an effective role in reducing or suppressing bacterial resistance against piperacillin, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, and tetracycline, while it did not affect the bacterial resistance towards amoxicillin clavulanic acid.