Artificial Lighting Systems in a Medieval City Using the Example of Ani

The article explores artificial lighting technologies and their role in the life of the medieval city of Ani, most important one in Armenia of the 10th‑11th centuries. Based on the analysis of architectural monuments, written sources and archaeological materials, the authors reveal the relationship between light and architecture, emphasizing its functional and symbolic significance. It is shown that artificial lighting in Ani not only shaped the aesthetics of architectural space, but also reflected social hierarchy and cultural traditions. Special attention is paid to church complexes, where light emphasized the status of power, acted as a tool for visual communication, and conveyed religious and social meanings. The results of the work contribute to the reconstruction of the medieval city’s environment and can be used in the projects of reconstruction of the medieval buildings focused on authenticity.