Nanotechnology-Enabled Antibiotic Therapy: The Promise of Transfersomal Tigecycline in Combating Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Introduction/Objective: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of purulent Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections (SSTIs), posing significant global health and economic challenges. This study aims to optimize a drug delivery system, specifically Tigecyclineloaded transfersomes, to address the limitations of current treatments, including bacterial resistance, systemic side effects, and poor drug penetration, thereby offering a safer and more effective alternative for MRSA-related SSTIs. Methods: A novel Tigecycline transfersomal formulation was developed using the thin film hydration method. The study investigated the effects of varying drug-to-lipid ratios, lipid-to-edge activator ratios, and different hydration media on the characteristics of the Tigecycline-loaded transfersomes. The formulation’s morphology, release profile, and antibacterial activity against clinical MRSA strains were also evaluated. Results: The Tigecycline-loaded transfersomes were successfully prepared with particle sizes ranging from 92.3 to 290.8 nm, zeta potential values from -16.22 to -48.7 mV, and encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 54.8% to 84.39%. The formulation prepared using distilled water as the hydration medium, a lipid-to-edge activator ratio of 80:20, and a drug-to-lipid ratio of 3:8 was selected for further assessment due to its optimal characteristics. The selected transfersomes were spherical with an average diameter of 131 nm. The formulation exhibited a controlled drug release profile and demonstrated a twofold increase in antibacterial activity against MRSA compared to non-liposomal Tigecycline. Discussion: The results highlighted the significant role of formulation parameters in tailoring transferosomal characteristics and enhancing therapeutic performance. The study builds on existing research by introducing Tigecycline—a broad-spectrum antibiotic—into transfersomal systems for the first time. However, further in vivo validation is necessary. Conclusion: Tigecycline-loaded transfersomes demonstrated improved drug delivery and antibacterial efficacy against MRSA. This novel formulation shows promise as an effective topical therapy for antibiotic-resistant SSTIs.