A narrative inquiry of men’s perceptions of support and masculinity: semi-structured interviews of men living with non-cancer-related lymphoedema in the United Kingdom

Lymphoedema, a chronic and visible condition, can significantly impact men's perception of support and masculinity. The absence of research in this area, along with increased interest in men's health, led to this study, which explores men's perceptions of support and their sense of masculinity while living with lymphoedema. This qualitative study used narrative inquiry with 12 participants through online semi-structured interviews (45-90 minutes) via Zoom. Data were analysed using linguistic narrative analysis, focusing on hegemonic masculinity and the Health, Illness, Men and Masculinities (HIMM) framework. The analysis revealed three main themes. All men perceived disruption following their initial diagnosis of lymphoedema, exacerbated by limited support, such as peer support groups and timely information. They then adapted and managed changes in their lives and masculinity using available behaviours and resources, such as gaining expertise and depending on partners. Their perception of masculinity evolved, incorporating their past masculine baseline with present and future expectations. Findings suggest that hegemonic masculinity persists amid multiple masculinities disrupted by chronic conditions like lymphoedema. Some men uphold traditional masculinity, whereas others adapt their expressions of masculinity. Recognising lymphoedema's impact on health and masculinity could inform more tailored approaches in services, policies and strategies.