Designing a National Charter for Fetal Rights in Iran: A Mixed-Methods Policy Study Protocol

Abstract Background: While fetal rights in Iran have primarily been addressed through criminal law perspectives, their health dimensions remain significantly overlooked. Current research indicates no comprehensive charter exists to safeguard these rights systematically. This study aims to bridge this gap by developing Iran’s first national fetal rights charter, integrating health and legal frameworks. "The study received ethical approval from Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.FNM.REC.1403.014) Methods: Employing a mixed-methods design, the study unfolds across four phases: Qualitative interviews with policymakers, healthcare providers, and legal experts to explore contextual perspectives on fetal rights. Scoping review of international fetal rights frameworks to identify transferable policies and gaps. Charter drafting synthesizing findings from Phases 1–2, followed by validation via Delphi consensus (3 rounds). Policy translation through a stakeholder-oriented brief to guide implementation. Discussion: The study will critically examine: Phase 1–2 findings on Iran’s fetal rights landscape and global benchmarks. How the synthesized charter addresses Iran’s unique sociolegal context. Practical implications for healthcare and legal systems, alongside future research priorities.