Therapeutic Impact of Iodine-131 in Patients with Toxic Multinodular Goiter: Our Experience

Toxic multinodular goiter is the most common etiology of hyperthyroidism in the elderly. The aim of our work is to illustrate the relevance of iodine therapy and its therapeutic effectiveness on this endocrinopathy. This retrospective study collected data over a period of 9 years, from January 2014 to January 2023, conducted in the nuclear medicine department at CHU Mohamed VI in Marrakech, concerning 43 cases. The collected data includes age, sex, clinical and paraclinical data, and the indication for treatment with iodine therapy in the patients. GMNT typically occurs on pre-existing goiters, with iodine deficiency being one of the main factors for its occurrence. We note a treatment success rate of 87.09%. The administration of iodine-131, which has minimal effects and complications, demonstrated very good effectiveness from the first treatment. Iodine therapy thus establishes itself as a first-line treatment for multinodular goiter, given its low aggressiveness.