This study aims to analyze the determinants of poverty reduction in nine cities in East Java Province during the period 2017–2023, using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) panel data method. The independent variables analyzed include the Female Labour Force Participation Rate, economic growth, Gini ratio, and HDI. The research results show that the Female Labour Force Participation Rate (WOMEN’S LFPR) has an insignificant adverse effect on economic growth, and the HDI has a significant adverse effect on the poverty rate, while the Gini ratio has a significant positive effect. The women’s LFPR tends to have an insignificant impact due to the burden of women's dual roles, while economic growth and the increase in HDI significantly contribute to reducing poverty. A high Gini ratio reflects income inequality that exacerbates the poverty rate.
Fitri et al. (Fri,) studied this question.