This research demonstrates improved power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells using a novel hydrophilic HTM, indicating enhanced hole transport capabilities.
Comprehensive Summary This study deliberately designs and synthesizes three HTMs: m ‐PhACz, p ‐PhACz, and p ‐DPAPCz, incorporating carbazole or diphenylamine groups linked through a benzene ring and functionalized with phosphonic acid groups. Notably, m ‐PhACz, featuring a carbazole unit and meta ‐substituted phosphonic acid, exhibits superior hole transport mobility and hydrophilicity, fostering strong intermolecular interaction with indium tin oxide. Consequently, m ‐PhACz‐based devices achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 19.44%, which is much higher than p ‐PhACz (18.30%) and p ‐DPAPCz (17.38%) based ones. Our work sets a new benchmark for high‐performance OSC fabrication.
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Xing et al. (2025) studied this question.
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