Interrelationship Between the Multiple Layers of Fascia and Muscles in the Anterior Abdominal Wall and Their Relation to Functions

Strong, flat muscles make up the abdominal wall and line the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis. These muscles form a framework for the trunk, help with its motion, ensure the organs' position, and allow active changes in the contents of the belly. The ventral abdominal wall is the multi-layered covering that encloses the abdominal organs, providing them with flexible coverage. It is structurally outlined as a six-sided region delineated on its superior border by the xiphoid process, laterally by midaxillary lines, and on its inferior border by the pubic symphysis. There are two parts to the wall of the abdomen: the anterolateral and posterior abdominal walls. This intricate arrangement contains many sheets of tissues from the surface extending far down, including: skin, superficial fascia, muscles, and peritoneum. It is made up of muscles that spread over the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae posterior to the ventral abdominal wall. The anterior abdominal wall is important in maintaining anatomical position and gravity as determined by the muscles in its compartment. This review describes the structure of the ventral abdominal wall and summarizes the neurovascular functions and their importance as a medical procedure. Understanding the layering of the abdominal wall is necessary for surgeons when attempting effective body contouring in this area. Adequate knowledge reduces difficulties that may be encountered through the location of incisions and dissection without altering the vascular supply. The intricacy of this wall affords its many functions and adds to a patient’s well-being.