Empirical Validation of the Theory of Chee and its Canonical Biomarker Chee in Traditional Chinese Medicine—with Implications on Biology, Physiology, Medicine, etc. for Humans and other Vertebrates

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been practiced in China for over 47 centuries based on the conceptual theory of Qi. Today, TCM is included in the national health care systems of major countries in East Asia, but still in back alleys in North America and Western Europe—for its lack of scientific bases. In July 2018, this author began to develop the theory of Chee in scientific language and mathematical format. (Chee is coined to differentiate with Qi.) The theory was presented in four international symposiums and published in a medical journal during 2022-2023. Recently, all postulates of the theory of Chee, including the canonical biomarker Chee, were empirically validated and partially published. This paper updates and summarizes empirical validation on the theory of Chee, STCM, and the biomarker Chee, as well as their implications on biology, physiology, medicine, etc. for humans and other vertebrates. Experimental validation of the canonical biomarker Chee and the theory of Chee were successfully conducted. Significant implications to physiology, medical diagnoses, and therapy for humans and other vertebrates are envisioned. It is recommended that external validations be conducted, especially in countries which operate electrical power supply at 50 Hz.