Ultrasound Detection of Normal Parathyroid Glands: Detection Rate, Topographic Anatomy, and the Role of Underlying Thyroid Disease

Background:This study aimed to assess the detection rate of normal parathyroid glands using high-resolution ultrasound and to evaluate their topographic anatomy and how thyroid pathology may influence their visibility. Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted on 62 patients undergoing thyroid or parathyroid evaluation. Standardized high-frequency ultrasound scans were performed to identify normal parathyroid glands, assess their location, echogenicity, and vascularity, and correlate findings with demographic parameters and presence of thyroid disease. Results:Normal parathyroid glands were visualized in 66.1% of patients. Most were located near the inferior thyroid poles and appeared hypoechoic and oval in shape. Detection rates were significantly lower in individuals with underlying thyroid disorders, especially Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and multinodular goiter (p = 0.031). Increased BMI also negatively impacted detection success (p = 0.047), while age and gender showed no significant influence. Conclusion:Ultrasound can detect normal parathyroid glands in the majority of patients, especially when performed by trained operators using optimized settings. However, underlying thyroid disease and higher BMI may hinder gland visibility, emphasizing the need for careful anatomical assessment during neck imaging