Economic integration of unemployed and disabled people in the context of global systemic transformations

In recent decades, labor markets have undergone profound transformations due to rapid digitalization, recurrent economic crises, intensified migration flows, global health emergencies, and the shift toward a green economy. These systemic changes have led to structural imbalances between labor supply and demand, with disproportionate impacts on the most vulnerable segments of the population. This study investigates the economic integration of the long-term unemployed and persons with disabilities, focusing on the Republic of Moldova while situating the analysis within broader European trends. Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, the paper draws on official datasets and policy documents to identify structural barriers to employment, such as inadequate access to education, healthcare, and inclusive infrastructure. The findings highlight persistent disparities in employment rates, education outcomes, and exposure to poverty among persons with disabilities. The comparative analysis further reveals Moldova's relative lag in aligning with EU standards on inclusive labor market practices. The study emphasizes the need for coordinated, multisectoral policy responses, targeting both institutional and attitudinal barriers. It concludes that sustainable socio-economic reintegration requires more than employment-focused measures - it demands a systemic shift toward inclusive public policy, accessible environments, and equitable access to opportunity.