What type of study is this?

This is a Observational study (also classified as: In Vitro Study).

August 21, 2025

Universal coarsening in a homogeneous two-dimensional Bose gas

Key Points

Universal scaling observed in the dynamics of a homogeneous two-dimensional Bose gas, indicating meaningful similarities across systems.
Key evidence includes matching experimental exponents with analytical predictions in finite-time dynamics.
Approach features methods accounting for initial-state-dependent effects, enhancing comparisons with theoretical models.
Implications highlight potential applications in a wide range of many-body systems, from subnuclear to cosmological scales.

Abstract

Coarsening of an isolated far-from-equilibrium quantum system is a paradigmatic many-body phenomenon, relevant from subnuclear to cosmological length scales and predicted to feature universal dynamic scaling. Here, we observed universal scaling in the coarsening of a homogeneous two-dimensional Bose gas, with exponents that match analytical predictions. For different initial states, we reveal universal scaling in the experimentally accessible finite-time dynamics by elucidating and accounting for the initial-state-dependent prescaling effects. The methods we introduce allow direct comparison between cold-atom experiments and nonequilibrium field theory and are applicable to any study of universality far from equilibrium.

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