Assessment evaluates trace element analysis using VAMS in blood samples, indicating potential for biomonitoring.
Background Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) is a blood sample collection method proposed as an alternative to venipuncture for metals/elements biomonitoring. However, the microsampler background concentration of metals and small blood volume remains critical limitations, particularly for metals or trace element analysis in environmental health and epidemiological research.
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Ogunesan et al. (2025) studied this question.
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