Seed health and germination of nyamplung and kenari on various media

Nyamplung ( Calophyllum inophyllum L.) and kenari ( Canarium indicum L.) offer a variety of benefits and potential across historical, economic, energy, ecological, and social dimensions, making their propagation essential for enhancing productivity. This study aimed to assess the physical characteristics of the seeds, examine seed health regarding pests and diseases, and identify the optimal germination media for nyamplung and kenari seeds. The treatments included soil (control), zeolite, cocopeat, and a soil-sand mixture (1:1 v/v). Nyamplung seeds exhibit good physical characteristics: they are thick and hard, round in shape, ivory yellow in color, and maintain firmness when pressed. On average, these seeds weigh 3 grams, have a height of 2.6 cm, and a diameter of 1.7 cm. In contrast, kenari seeds are characterized by a tapered oval shape with a tough shell, a light brown color, an average weight of 6.9 grams, and average measurements of 3.7 cm in height and 1.9 cm in diameter. Fungi pathogens associated with nyamplung seeds include Rhizoctonia sp. and Pythium sp., while kenari seeds are known to carry Colletotrichum sp. The findings indicate that zeolite serves as the most effective germination medium for nyamplung seeds, whereas a soil-sand mixture (1:1 v/v) is optimal for kenari seeds.