Microscopic anatomy and phytochemical profiling of Curcuma cotuana

Curcuma cotuana is a rare species belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. In present study, the micromorphological characteristics of the leaf sheath, leaf, root, root tuber and petiole of C. cotuana are reported for the first time. Additionally, phytochemical analysis confirmed that the leaf and rhizome extracts of the species contained various bioactive compounds, including phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. Furthermore, the total flavonoids (TFC), total polyphenol content (TPC) and total triterpene content (TTC) of the leaf and rhizome extracts were quantified. The leaf extracts exhibited higher concentrations (TPC: 39.273 mg GAE/g DW, TTC: 41.831 mg OAE/g DW, TFC: 2.072 mg QE/g DW) compared to the rhizome extracts (TPC: 17.108 mg GAE/g DW, TTC: 4.226 mg OAE/g DW, TFC: 4.232 mg QE/g DW).