Macauba Kernel Oil: Refining, Transesterification, and Density/Viscosity of Blends B15 to B20 with Mineral Diesel

Macauba is a versatile palm and has been explored in various sectors due to its ability to produce oils, proteins, energy, and biofuels. This paper presents the extraction, refining, and characterization of the macauba kernel oil, the synthesis of biodiesel, and an evaluation of the density and viscosity of its blends with mineral diesel, ranging from B15 to B20. Conversion was determined using the integral areas of the 1H NMR spectrum for the FAME methyl ester (3.62, -CH3) and FAME carbonyl (2.26, -COOCH2). Predictions of the key inputs required for the extraction and degumming of the macauba kernel oil, as well as for the biodiesel production, are also presented. These results provide valuable insights into diesel-biodiesel blends exceeding 14% (vol.) of biodiesel, thereby contributing to the expansion of the biofuels industry.