The Impact of Employment and Economic Perception on Nutrition and Depression Among Cancer Survivors

Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Puerto Rico, patients face additional burdens due to the structural inequalities affecting access to employment, nutritious food, and mental health services. This study examined the associations between employment status, perceived economic hardship, dietary behaviors, and depressive symptoms among 334 adult cancer patients in Puerto Rico. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, participants provided sociodemographic data, dietary patterns, and self-reports of depression. Results: Statistical analyses revealed that full-time employment was associated with a higher consumption of low-nutritional-value foods (ρ = 0.157, p = 0.015) and significant differences in their consumption having a higher mean against unemployment were observed (mean ranks = 146.09 and 177.08, p = 0.010). A higher employment status also served as a protective factor against depression (p = 0.005). A higher body mass index (BMI) was linked to an increased risk of depression (p = 0.002), and perceived economic hardship was significantly associated with depression (OR= 0.54, p = 0.033). Conclusions: The findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive interventions that account for the synergistic effects of economic perception, employment, nutrition, and psychological well-being in cancer treatment in Puerto Rico.