Review Paper: Survey and Detection of Seed-Borne Microflora of Pisum Sativum

Pea (Pisum sativum L.), a globally important legume, frequently suffers from reduced productivity due to various seed-borne microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. These pathogens can cause significant damage, leading to poor germination, seedling diseases, root rot, and lower yields. This extensive review compiles the latest information on the common microbes found in pea seeds and critically examines both traditional and modern methods for detecting these organisms. Recent research highlights major pathogens such as Fusarium, Alternaria, Ascochyta, Rhizoctonia solani fungi, as well as the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi and the economically damaging Pea Seed-borne Mosaic Virus (PSbMV). The review stresses that ongoing improvements in detection techniques are crucial for protecting seed health, preventing widespread disease, and maintaining sustainable pea production amidst evolving farming methods and new biological threats.