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Analysis reveals branching ratios for Bc decays in charmonia, highlighting expected polarization measurements in QCD dynamics.
Motivated by the recent LHCb measurements of the ratios between the branching ratios (BRs), <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:msub><a:mi>R</a:mi><a:mrow><a:msub><a:mi>χ</a:mi><a:mrow><a:mi>c</a:mi><a:mn>2</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub><a:mo>/</a:mo><a:mi>J</a:mi><a:mo>/</a:mo><a:mi>ψ</a:mi></a:mrow></a:msub><a:mo>≡</a:mo><a:mrow><a:mi>BR</a:mi></a:mrow><a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo><a:msubsup><a:mi>B</a:mi><a:mi>c</a:mi><a:mo>+</a:mo></a:msubsup><a:mo stretchy="false">→</a:mo><a:msub><a:mi>χ</a:mi><a:mrow><a:mi>c</a:mi><a:mn>2</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msub><a:msup><a:mi>π</a:mi><a:mo>+</a:mo></a:msup><a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo><a:mo>/</a:mo><a:mrow><a:mi>BR</a:mi></a:mrow><a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo><a:msubsup><a:mi>B</a:mi><a:mi>c</a:mi><a:mo>+</a:mo></a:msubsup><a:mo stretchy="false">→</a:mo><a:mi>J</a:mi><a:mo>/</a:mo><a:mi>ψ</a:mi><a:msup><a:mi>π</a:mi><a:mo>+</a:mo></a:msup><a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo></a:math> and <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:msub><i:mi>R</i:mi><i:mrow><i:msub><i:mi>χ</i:mi><i:mrow><i:mi>c</i:mi><i:mn>1</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msub><i:mo>/</i:mo><i:msub><i:mi>χ</i:mi><i:mrow><i:mi>c</i:mi><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msub></i:mrow></i:msub><i:mo>≡</i:mo><i:mrow><i:mi>BR</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mo stretchy="false">(</i:mo><i:msubsup><i:mi>B</i:mi><i:mi>c</i:mi><i:mo>+</i:mo></i:msubsup><i:mo stretchy="false">→</i:mo><i:msub><i:mi>χ</i:mi><i:mrow><i:mi>c</i:mi><i:mn>1</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msub><i:msup><i:mi>π</i:mi><i:mo>+</i:mo></i:msup><i:mo stretchy="false">)</i:mo><i:mo>/</i:mo><i:mrow><i:mi>BR</i:mi></i:mrow><i:mo stretchy="false">(</i:mo><i:msubsup><i:mi>B</i:mi><i:mi>c</i:mi><i:mo>+</i:mo></i:msubsup><i:mo stretchy="false">→</i:mo><i:msub><i:mi>χ</i:mi><i:mrow><i:mi>c</i:mi><i:mn>2</i:mn></i:mrow></i:msub><i:msup><i:mi>π</i:mi><i:mo>+</i:mo></i:msup><i:mo stretchy="false">)</i:mo></i:math>, we analyze the decays <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><q:msubsup><q:mi>B</q:mi><q:mi>c</q:mi><q:mo>+</q:mo></q:msubsup><q:mo stretchy="false">→</q:mo><q:msub><q:mi>χ</q:mi><q:mrow><q:mi>c</q:mi><q:mi>J</q:mi></q:mrow></q:msub><q:mo stretchy="false">(</q:mo><q:mi>P</q:mi><q:mo>,</q:mo><q:mi>V</q:mi><q:msup><q:mo stretchy="false">)</q:mo><q:mo>+</q:mo></q:msup></q:math> in the improved perturbative QCD (iPQCD) formalism, where <v:math xmlns:v="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><v:msub><v:mi>χ</v:mi><v:mrow><v:mi>c</v:mi><v:mi>J</v:mi></v:mrow></v:msub></v:math> denotes the <x:math xmlns:x="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><x:mi>p</x:mi></x:math>-wave charmonia with <z:math xmlns:z="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><z:mi>J</z:mi><z:mo>=</z:mo><z:mn>0</z:mn></z:math>, 1, 2, and <bb:math xmlns:bb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><bb:mi>P</bb:mi><bb:mo stretchy="false">(</bb:mo><bb:mi>V</bb:mi><bb:mo stretchy="false">)</bb:mo></bb:math> denotes the pseudoscalars <fb:math xmlns:fb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><fb:mi>π</fb:mi></fb:math> and <hb:math xmlns:hb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><hb:mi>K</hb:mi></hb:math> (the vectors <jb:math xmlns:jb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><jb:mi>ρ</jb:mi></jb:math> and <lb:math xmlns:lb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><lb:msup><lb:mi>K</lb:mi><lb:mo>*</lb:mo></lb:msup></lb:math>). Our results <nb:math xmlns:nb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><nb:msub><nb:mi>R</nb:mi><nb:mrow><nb:msub><nb:mi>χ</nb:mi><nb:mrow><nb:mi>c</nb:mi><nb:mn>2</nb:mn></nb:mrow></nb:msub><nb:mo>/</nb:mo><nb:mi>J</nb:mi><nb:mo>/</nb:mo><nb:mi>ψ</nb:mi></nb:mrow></nb:msub><nb:mo>=</nb:mo><nb:mn>0.32</nb:mn><nb:mo>±</nb:mo><nb:mn>0.05</nb:mn></nb:math> and <pb:math xmlns:pb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><pb:msub><pb:mi>R</pb:mi><pb:mrow><pb:msub><pb:mi>χ</pb:mi><pb:mrow><pb:mi>c</pb:mi><pb:mn>1</pb:mn></pb:mrow></pb:msub><pb:mo>/</pb:mo><pb:msub><pb:mi>χ</pb:mi><pb:mrow><pb:mi>c</pb:mi><pb:mn>2</pb:mn></pb:mrow></pb:msub></pb:mrow></pb:msub><pb:mo>=</pb:mo><pb:mn>0.11</pb:mn><pb:mo>±</pb:mo><pb:mn>0.01</pb:mn></pb:math> at leading order in the strong coupling <rb:math xmlns:rb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><rb:msub><rb:mi>α</rb:mi><rb:mi>s</rb:mi></rb:msub></rb:math> agree well with the data within uncertainties. The result <tb:math xmlns:tb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><tb:msub><tb:mi>R</tb:mi><tb:mrow><tb:msub><tb:mi>χ</tb:mi><tb:mrow><tb:mi>c</tb:mi><tb:mn>0</tb:mn></tb:mrow></tb:msub><tb:mo>/</tb:mo><tb:mi>J</tb:mi><tb:mo>/</tb:mo><tb:mi>ψ</tb:mi></tb:mrow></tb:msub><tb:mo>≡</tb:mo><tb:mrow><tb:mi>BR</tb:mi></tb:mrow><tb:mo stretchy="false">(</tb:mo><tb:msubsup><tb:mi>B</tb:mi><tb:mi>c</tb:mi><tb:mo>+</tb:mo></tb:msubsup><tb:mo stretchy="false">→</tb:mo><tb:msub><tb:mi>χ</tb:mi><tb:mrow><tb:mi>c</tb:mi><tb:mn>0</tb:mn></tb:mrow></tb:msub><tb:msup><tb:mi>π</tb:mi><tb:mo>+</tb:mo></tb:msup><tb:mo stretchy="false">)</tb:mo><tb:mo>/</tb:mo><tb:mrow><tb:mi>BR</tb:mi></tb:mrow><tb:mo stretchy="false">(</tb:mo><tb:msubsup><tb:mi>B</tb:mi><tb:mi>c</tb:mi><tb:mo>+</tb:mo></tb:msubsup><tb:mo stretchy="false">→</tb:mo><tb:mi>J</tb:mi><tb:mo>/</tb:mo><tb:mi>ψ</tb:mi><tb:msup><tb:mi>π</tb:mi><tb:mo>+</tb:mo></tb:msup><tb:mo stretchy="false">)</tb:mo><tb:mo>=</tb:mo><tb:mn>0.17</tb:mn><tb:mo>±</tb:mo><tb:mn>0.02</tb:mn></tb:math> is lower than <bc:math xmlns:bc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><bc:msubsup><bc:mn>1.41</bc:mn><bc:mrow><bc:mo>−</bc:mo><bc:mn>0.45</bc:mn></bc:mrow><bc:mrow><bc:mo>+</bc:mo><bc:mn>0.50</bc:mn></bc:mrow></bc:msubsup></bc:math> inferred by the <dc:math xmlns:dc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><dc:msubsup><dc:mi>B</dc:mi><dc:mi>c</dc:mi><dc:mo>+</dc:mo></dc:msubsup><dc:mo stretchy="false">→</dc:mo><dc:msub><dc:mi>χ</dc:mi><dc:mrow><dc:mi>c</dc:mi><dc:mn>0</dc:mn></dc:mrow></dc:msub><dc:msup><dc:mi>π</dc:mi><dc:mo>+</dc:mo></dc:msup></dc:math> measurement. The large longitudinal polarization fractions imply that these components dominate the <gc:math xmlns:gc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><gc:msubsup><gc:mi>B</gc:mi><gc:mi>c</gc:mi><gc:mo>+</gc:mo></gc:msubsup><gc:mo stretchy="false">→</gc:mo><gc:msub><gc:mi>χ</gc:mi><gc:mrow><gc:mi>c</gc:mi><gc:mn>1</gc:mn><gc:mo>,</gc:mo><gc:mi>c</gc:mi><gc:mn>2</gc:mn></gc:mrow></gc:msub><gc:msup><gc:mi>ρ</gc:mi><gc:mo>+</gc:mo></gc:msup></gc:math> BRs. A peculiar constructive (destructive) interference between the twist-2 and twist-3 contributions is identified in the <jc:math xmlns:jc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><jc:msubsup><jc:mi>B</jc:mi><jc:mi>c</jc:mi><jc:mo>+</jc:mo></jc:msubsup><jc:mo stretchy="false">→</jc:mo><jc:msub><jc:mi>χ</jc:mi><jc:mrow><jc:mi>c</jc:mi><jc:mn>1</jc:mn></jc:mrow></jc:msub><jc:msup><jc:mi>ρ</jc:mi><jc:mo>+</jc:mo></jc:msup></jc:math> (<mc:math xmlns:mc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mc:msubsup><mc:mi>B</mc:mi><mc:mi>c</mc:mi><mc:mo>+</mc:mo></mc:msubsup><mc:mo stretchy="false">→</mc:mo><mc:msub><mc:mi>χ</mc:mi><mc:mrow><mc:mi>c</mc:mi><mc:mn>1</mc:mn></mc:mrow></mc:msub><mc:msup><mc:mi>π</mc:mi><mc:mo>+</mc:mo></mc:msup></mc:math>) mode, but not in the corresponding ones with <pc:math xmlns:pc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><pc:msub><pc:mi>χ</pc:mi><pc:mrow><pc:mi>c</pc:mi><pc:mn>0</pc:mn><pc:mo>,</pc:mo><pc:mi>c</pc:mi><pc:mn>2</pc:mn></pc:mrow></pc:msub></pc:math> mesons. Inputting the BRs of the strong decays <rc:math xmlns:rc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><rc:msub><rc:mi>χ</rc:mi><rc:mrow><rc:mi>c</rc:mi><rc:mn>0</rc:mn><rc:mo>,</rc:mo><rc:mi>c</rc:mi><rc:mn>2</rc:mn></rc:mrow></rc:msub><rc:mo stretchy="false">→</rc:mo><rc:msup><rc:mi>π</rc:mi><rc:mo>+</rc:mo></rc:msup><rc:msup><rc:mi>π</rc:mi><rc:mo>−</rc:mo></rc:msup><rc:mo>/</rc:mo><rc:msup><rc:mi>K</rc:mi><rc:mo>+</rc:mo></rc:msup><rc:msup><rc:mi>K</rc:mi><rc:mo>−</rc:mo></rc:msup></rc:math> and <uc:math xmlns:uc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><uc:msub><uc:mi>χ</uc:mi><uc:mrow><uc:mi>c</uc:mi><uc:mi>J</uc:mi></uc:mrow></uc:msub><uc:mo stretchy="false">→</uc:mo><uc:msup><uc:mi>π</uc:mi><uc:mo>+</uc:mo></uc:msup><uc:msup><uc:mi>π</uc:mi><uc:mo>−</uc:mo></uc:msup><uc:mo stretchy="false">(</uc:mo><uc:msup><uc:mi>π</uc:mi><uc:mo>+</uc:mo></uc:msup><uc:msup><uc:mi>π</uc:mi><uc:mo>−</uc:mo></uc:msup><uc:mo>/</uc:mo><uc:msup><uc:mi>K</uc:mi><uc:mo>+</uc:mo></uc:msup><uc:msup><uc:mi>K</uc:mi><uc:mo>−</uc:mo></uc:msup><uc:mo stretchy="false">)</uc:mo></uc:math> reported by the BESIII Collaboration, we obtain those of <zc:math xmlns:zc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><zc:msubsup><zc:mi>B</zc:mi><zc:mi>c</zc:mi><zc:mo>+</zc:mo></zc:msubsup><zc:mo stretchy="false">→</zc:mo><zc:msub><zc:mi>χ</zc:mi><zc:mrow><zc:mi>c</zc:mi><zc:mi>J</zc:mi></zc:mrow></zc:msub><zc:mo stretchy="false">(</zc:mo><zc:mi>ρ</zc:mi><zc:mo>,</zc:mo><zc:mi>π</zc:mi><zc:msup><zc:mo stretchy="false">)</zc:mo><zc:mo>+</zc:mo></zc:msup></zc:math> followed by secondary decay chains under the narrow-width approximation. All the above iPQCD predictions can be confronted by more precise experiments in the future to deepen our understanding of QCD dynamics in <ed:math xmlns:ed="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><ed:msub><ed:mi>B</ed:mi><ed:mi>c</ed:mi></ed:msub><ed:mo stretchy="false">→</ed:mo><ed:msub><ed:mi>χ</ed:mi><ed:mrow><ed:mi>c</ed:mi><ed:mi>J</ed:mi></ed:mrow></ed:msub></ed:math> transitions.
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Liu et al. (2025) studied this question.
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