This analysis identifies the impact of column efficiency on resolution in liquid chromatography, suggesting key factors for effective troubleshooting.
Column efficiency is a major determinant of resolution in both isocratic and gradient liquid chromatography (LC) separations. Developing expectations for the column efficiency we should see under a given set of conditions is important for effective troubleshooting because this can help us decide when to initiate a troubleshooting exercise. In this installment, we explore the key relationships between efficiency and mobile phase flow rate and particle size, as well as secondary determinants of efficiency, including analyte retention, size, and chemistry, and instrumental effects.
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Dwight R. Stoll (2025) studied this question.
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