Etiology, biochemical profile, and medications associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease patients in Saudi Arabia

Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is a challenge for nephrologists, and its diagnosis and treatment take a huge effort from healthcare providers due to its associated clinical complications. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, biochemical profile, and drugs associated with CKD. A retrospective cohort study was conducted for the period of December 2019 to January 2021 for 130 patients on dialysis in Al-Mana Hospitals-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Data were compared for the intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) ranges (<130, 130–600, and >600 pg/ml). Mean age was 64.37 ± 10.83 years. Diabetic nephropathy was dominant (n = 109.84%). The mean iPTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels were 631.42 ± 468.41 pg/ml, 8.60 ± 0.76 mg/dl, and 5.30 ± 1.52 mg/dl, respectively. The prevalence of patients within the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)-acceptable iPTH target was 65%. A negative non-significant correlation of calcium and a positive significant correlation of phosphorus with iPTH levels were observed (r = −0.6, p = 0.28 and r = 0.9, p = 0.04, respectively). These findings can be used to improve compliance with KDIGO guidelines for CKD management. Regular monitoring and individualized care are essential to maintain mineral balance and improve outcomes, especially in diabetic and older patients.