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Experimental analysis shows improved energy storage and dielectric constant in BNKT-BT piezoceramics, indicating better performance for applications.
The electrical characteristics and energy storage performance of BNKT-BT lead-free piezoceramics were examined. All ceramics were produced via the mixed oxide technique. The findings indicated that the density of this ceramic system varied between 5.61 and 5.83 g/cm3. Conditions with 2.0 mol% (BT=0.02) and 6.0 mol% (BT=0.06) exhibited the largest dielectric constant (er) at both ambient temperature and elevated temperature, with values of 1307 and 4272, respectively. The ceramic sample with BT = 0.06 exhibited the highest values of %strain ~0.13 and a d*33 ~179.65 pm/V. Furthermore, BT-doped ceramics yielded optimal energy storage densities compared to undoped BNKT ceramics. The sample containing 4.0 mol% (BT=0.04) reached the maximum energy storage density (W ~0.31 J/cm3) with an energy storage efficiency (η ~ 37.89%).
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Kamnoy et al. (2025) studied this question.
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