Design and performance optimization of the low-frequency piezoelectric energy collector

With the growing demand for green energy and sustainable development, piezoelectric energy harvesters have gained attention as effective solutions for low-frequency vibration energy harvesting. However, conventional designs often face challenges such as poor low-frequency responsiveness, limited space adaptability, and low energy conversion efficiency. This study presents a novel spiral piezoelectric energy harvester that integrates localized resonance within an Archimedean spiral structure. By coupling localized resonance with piezoelectric conversion, the design amplifies mechanical strain and enhances energy output, particularly in the low-frequency range. The spiral geometry increases the system’s effective mass and enables coordinated optimization of energy harvesting and low-frequency noise suppression. Compared to traditional linear or planar designs, the proposed structure achieves stronger electromechanical coupling by concentrating deformation in high-strain regions. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the prototype achieves a low resonant frequency of 101 Hz and a stable voltage output of 0.9 V. Additionally, it exhibits sound transmission loss over 40 dB in the target frequency band, effectively attenuating low-frequency noise. This dual-functional design provides a new approach for efficient low-frequency energy harvesting and passive noise control, offering promising applications in self-powered systems operating under low-frequency vibration environments.