This design achieves impedance matching and high gain in ubiquitous GNSS applications, indicating efficiency.
This paper presents a compact design of a new three-dimensional stacked cross-finger configuration Quadriflar Helix four-mode antenna for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications. The antenna is designed to operate in satellite navigation bands such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BDS-1 and BDS-2. In this study, the multiband and compactness of the antenna is achieved by integrating three-dimensional stacked cross-finger configuration resonant branching structures on each radiating arm to excite the multimode coupling effect. The antenna achieves impedance matching (S11⪅-10dB) in the frequency bands of 1.15-1.26GHz;1.52-1.65GHz. The proposed antenna is characterized by wide beamwidth, low elevation angle and high gain, which is well suited for satellite navigation, mobile communication, radar system and satellite broadcasting.
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Tang et al. (2025) studied this question.
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