Performance Analysis of Supercapacitor for Power Management in Smart Sensors

This paper discusses the study of supercapacitors (SCs) with various smart sensors such as wireless biosensors and wearable sensors. To bridge conventional batteries and traditional capacitors, recent research into SCs has focused on improving their performance based on energy and power density. Numerous advances in materials, device architectures, and manufacturing processes for supercapacitor devices have been studied. Therefore, the recent progress on carbon material (as electrodes) and different electrolytes have also been discussed in the paper. The main focus is to elucidate the various materials based on carbon allotrope that enhance the specific capacitance and lead to improved energy density of SCs, which will mainly support the wireless sensors. Different characterization techniques for the SCs have been explored, such as galvanostatic charge–discharge and cyclic voltammetry, along with its self‐discharge and charge‐redistribution process. This paper also explains the recent progress of SC‐operated smart sensors and the advantages and disadvantages of supercapacitor‐based sensors. In the last section, challenges faced by supercapacitor‐based wireless sensors have also been discussed.