The article analyses of the prerequisites for the historical formation of urban green space systems in different periods, which were created on the basis of existing plantations, their diversity, age, sanitary condition, architectural, planning and compositional structure of the city. The presence of plantations affects the sanitary condition of the urban area, the possibility of its improvement, and cannot be solved without green spaces that add decorative value to the territory and visual comfort. However, in recent years, the impact of human economic activity has significantly changed and deteriorated the environment, which has led to other problems, including environmental ones. Cities are developing, their areas are increasing, the percentage of buildings and pavements compared to green and free areas is growing, the number of different sources of pollution (industry, transport, emergencies, etc.) are increasing, and living conditions are deteriorating. Methods and ways to improve and develop the greening system in modern cities, including landscape reconstruction, comprehensive reconstruction and reorganisation of park infrastructure facilities are investigated. The problem of the shortage of free plots for the creation of green spaces is considered, in various cases, it is often impossible to solve it in the traditional way, by demolishing buildings and structures to create green areas, recreation areas, and areas with dense greenery. The solution to this problem lies in the use of modern alternative means to increase the percentage of greenery. In various cities around the world, in the face of a shortage of land, new parks and recreational areas are being created in various inconvenient areas for other types of urban development to diversify the conditions for recreation.
Черноносова et al. (2025) studied this question.