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Experimental protocols establish an animal model for genitourinary syndrome of menopause, highlighting effective surgical methods.
Background: During menopause, the synthesis of estrogen hormones decreases, leading to a variety of physiological changes that might affect a woman’s quality of life. One of the most common clinical manifestations is the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM), which occurs because the vaginal and urethral epithelial layers contain a high density of estrogen receptors. These problems can be chronic and progressive, consequently affecting the sexual life and quality of life of menopausal women. Therefore, there is a continual necessity for innovation in novel therapeutic modalities or improvements to current therapies. Aim: The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive and precise protocol guide for ovariectomy and vaginectomy to establish a suitable animal model for GSM cases. Method: Forty Wistar strain of Rattus norvegicus rats were utilized in the study and treated according to the principles of ethics. Results: The study recommends the double dorsolateral incision technique for ovariectomy as the most effective method. Vaginectomy is essential for the objective evaluation of the vaginal and urethral epithelium in GSM and for histological assessment of therapeutic response. Conclusion: The therapeutic modalities that result from a suitable animal model protocol are expected to guarantee safety and efficacy.
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Anggraeni et al. (2025) studied this question.
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