Analysis and Experimental Study of Puncture Mechanism of Internal Fistula in Hemodialysis

The puncture of a hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula is a crucial step in establishing a hemodialysis circulation pathway, and the relevant parameters during fistula puncture are very important for the effectiveness of the puncture. This paper divides the hemodialysis fistula puncture into five stages and analyzes the puncture force conditions at each stage; further, it establishes mechanical models for puncture resistance, friction, and cutting forces and analyzes these models. By developing a fistula puncture experimental platform, data collection of puncture forces under different conditions is made possible. Experiments indicate that the force required for puncturing different tissues varies, and the puncture force is influenced by the puncture angle and the diameter of the puncture needle, increasing with these factors. The speed of puncture has little effect on the puncture force. A simulated hemodialysis fistula arm device was constructed to analyze the impact of liquid flow on the puncture force, with greater liquid flow resulting in greater resistance. The results provide a reference for the selection of puncture needle diameter, angle, and speed for the development of a hemodialysis fistula puncture robot and also offer theoretical guidance and clinical evidence for the proper puncture techniques of medical staff.