The study reveals higher incoherence in automorphism and outer automorphism groups, suggesting implications for group theory.
Let F n be the free group on n ≥ 2 generators. We show that for all 1 ≤ m ≤ 2n-3 (respectively, for all 1 ≤ m ≤ 2n-4 ), there exists a subgroup of Aut(Fₙ) (respectively, Out(Fₙ) ), which has finiteness of type F m but not of type FPₘ₊₁(Q) ; hence, it is not m -coherent. In both cases, the new result is the upper bound $m= 2n-3$ (respectively, $m = 2n-4$ ), as it cannot be obtained by embedding direct products of free noncyclic groups, and certifies higher incoherence up to the virtual cohomological dimension and is therefore sharp. As a tool of the proof, we discuss the existence and nature of multiple inequivalent extensions of a suitable finite-index subgroup K 4 of Aut(F₂) (isomorphic to the quotient of the pure braid group on four strands by its centre): the fibre of four of these extensions arise from the strand-forgetting maps on the braid groups, while a fifth is related with the Cardano–Ferrari epimorphism.
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Stefano Vidussi (2025) studied this question.
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