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Expression and clinical correlation of cathepsin S, programmed cell death-1 ligand 1, and BRAFV600E mutation in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis

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Observational analysis examined cathepsin S, BRAFV600E mutation, and PD-L1 in children with LCH, indicating no significant prognostic impact.

CTSS was positively expressed in all children with LCH, and its levels correlated with being ≤ 2 years old.
The incidence of BRAFV600E mutation was 34.3%, significantly associated with younger age and CNS involvement.
PD-L1 expression occurred in 35.5% of cases, positively linked to cutaneous involvement but not BRAFV600E mutation.
Neither BRAFV600E nor PD-L1 significantly impacted disease progression or treatment response at 6 weeks.

Ni et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Observational analysis examined cathepsin S, BRAFV600E mutation, and PD-L1 in children with LCH, indicating no significant prognostic impact.