“It felt like He hated me” . experiences of intimate partner violence and abuse amongst men who have sex with men in the UK: an interpretative phenomenological analysis

Intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) victimisation is a serious issue that affects not only women but also men who have sex with men (MSM). Whilst there is a growing body of research, previous studies have been primarily quantitative in nature. This study uses a qualitative methodology to explore the experiences of MSM who have been victims of IPVA in their past relationship(s). A sample of six men residing in the UK who had disclosed IPVA victimisation were interviewed, and an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was conducted to explore their lived experiences. Findings revealed the complexity and diversity of experiences, with participant accounts revealing their understanding of how they lived with, and made sense of, their world while enduring violence and abuse. We found there was a convergence and divergence of experiences after the relationship had ended, with some participants relishing a new life, whilst others struggled with change. Our research highlights the types of IPVA experienced and demonstrates the sense-making process MSM engage in when they have been in violent and abusive relationships. The findings provide a better understanding of IPVA amongst MSM, which can aid professionals who work in areas of victim support. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.