Observational analysis compares present-day climate change rates to ancient shifts, suggesting unprecedented speed driven by human actions.
Introduction Earth’s climate has never been static. Over its 4.54-billion-year history, our planet has experienced dramatic shifts, oscillating between periods of extreme warmth and profound ice ages. These long-term climatic transformations are encapsulated within Earth’s geological timescale, representing vast periods of change driven by natural processes. Crucially, these ancient shifts unfolded over immense durations, spanning millions to hundreds of millions of years. However, the climate changes of the present epoch stand in stark contrast to these deep-time fluctuations, characterized by an unprecedented rate and primary anthropogenic drivers."
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Ritabrata Sarkar (2025) studied this question.
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