Oral Health Status, Behavior, and Knowledge of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Risk Factors in Odisha: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are linked with poor oral health outcomes, yet data on oral health status, behaviors, and awareness among CVD patients in Odisha remain scarce. This study aimed to assess the self-reported oral health status, behaviors, and knowledge among patients with CVD and associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 391 patients aged 40–80 years attending dental and cardiology OPDs at a tertiary care center in Bhubaneswar. Participants were grouped into control, at-risk, and established CVD categories. A 24-item questionnaire and panoramic radiographic examination were used to assess oral health. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test and Kappa statistics. Results: Patients with established CVD reported significantly higher prevalence of oral health problems, poor oral hygiene behaviors, and lower awareness compared to controls. Clinical findings revealed higher rates of periodontal bone loss, caries, and periapical radiolucency in the CVD group. Agreement between radiographic examiners was high. Conclusions: There is a substantial burden of oral disease and poor oral health awareness among patients with CVD in Odisha. These findings emphasize the need for integrated oral health education and care protocols in cardiovascular patient management.