Enhanced Reversible Palm Vein Authenticator with Peres Gate Using QCA for Secure Biometric Systems

The proposed reversible Palm Vein Authenticator (PVA) leverages the Peres gate within the Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) framework to deliver a highly efficient and compact design. By minimizing circuit complexity and reducing garbage outputs to just one, the system optimizes resource utilization while maintaining functionality. With only 44 QCA cells and a propagation delay of clock cycles 0.50, it demonstrates significant improvements over traditional designs, including a 22.2% reduction in cell area and a 52.17% decrease in QCA cost compared to the Feynman gate-based approach. Simulation results validate its superior efficiency and accuracy, positioning it as an ideal candidate for secure biometric authentication systems. Additionally, the design's low power consumption and scalability make it adaptable for next-generation nanotechnology applications. Its robustness and precision further enhance its potential for real-world deployment in high-security environments, such as access control and identity verification.