Clinical reasoning in nursing education

Clinical reasoning is applying knowledge and experience in a clinical setting to solve a problem [1]. It is a complex cognitive process in which individuals identify and prioritize relevant clinical data to formulate hypotheses and develop plans for confirming or refuting them [2]. Clinical reasoning is a fundamental skill expected from competent and experienced nurses [3]. It is a cognitive and metacognitive process and core nursing practice competency [4]. Incorporating clinical reasoning into nursing education enhances nurses' ability to handle complex and unstable situations when dealing with patients [5]. For nursing students, clinical reasoning is a holistic, iterative, and dynamic cognitive process that fosters adaptability and flexibility, enabling them to better understand patient conditions [6]. Students and staff require solid clinical knowledge and reasoning skills to ensure accurate, timely, and precise diagnoses [7]. In contrast, an unconscious approach to clinical reasoning or an inability to apply critical thinking may negatively impact patient care [8].