Biodegradable Piezoelectric Nanogenerators used as wearable electronic device

Abstract This study explores the sustainable conversion of waste Catla (Catla catla) fish scales into bio-piezoelectric materials for wearable energy harvesting applications. Utilizing the natural piezoelectric properties of collagen-rich fish scales, we developed a flexible nanogenerator through a simple demineralization and lamination process. The device was integrated into the heel of a shoe, where it successfully generated electrical energy from walking movements, demonstrating its viability as a self-powered solution for wearable electronics. It has the broader potential of monitoring the pressure on heels, thus providing the insights into activity levels, beneficial for athletes and rehabilitation patients using the embedding such bio-piezoelectric systems into shoes. This approach not only adds value to aquaculture waste but also offers a biodegradable, eco-friendly alternative to conventional piezoelectric materials, paving the way for next-generation sustainable smart textiles and self-powered wearable devices.