Therapeutic nutrition of elderly people with kidney diseases

Kidney diseases belong to a common category of pathology in the elderly and senile age, in which diet therapy occupies one of the central places in complex treatment. Assessment of metabolic disorders in the body of older people with diseases of the urinary system is the most important condition for diet therapy. It should be based on an integrated approach, including anthropometric data on the patient, biochemical information on the state of water-electrolyte, protein-energy, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin-mineral metabolism. The task of implementing nutritional support for the elderly with various nephrological pathologies includes a nosologically appropriate and personalized definition of dietary strategy in choosing patient nutrition, dietary rhythms, dietary programs and diets. The lecture presents methods recommended in Russian and international consensus for the quantitative formulation of diets that take into account the nature and severity of metabolic disorders and pathogenetic features of existing kidney pathology and the severity of involution processes in the body of the elderly and elderly. Algorithms for choosing individually justified diets for various kidney diseases, their severity, and the formation of complications are presented, taking into account the implementation of various therapy programs, including pharmacotherapy options and reasonable types of dialysis. The possibilities of the influence of certain foods and their combinations on reducing the intensity of the mechanisms of development and progression of renal pathology are described. Gerontodietology in clinical nephrology should be considered as the most important component of a comprehensive treatment program, the individualization of which should be based on a thorough study of the patient's metabolic features, understanding the pathogenetic features of the occurrence and chronization of kidney pathology, understanding the essence of involutional processes in the supervised patient and using the extensive knowledge of a creative and erudite doctor to block these identified somatic features. an individualized diet.