The Experiences and Challenges of Muslim Male Students in European Higher Education: A Scoping Review and Thematic Analysis

This scoping review, guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework, examines the experiences of male Muslim students in Western and post-communist European higher education, focusing on how they negotiate masculinity in relation to Islamophobia and cultural adaptation. The analysis of 33 predominantly qualitative studies reveals pervasive discrimination shaping identity management and social integration. Students navigate academic demands alongside religious commitments, relying on peer networks and faith-based strategies. Financial difficulties, language barriers, and limited institutional support further complicate their experiences. Nevertheless, participants demonstrate resilience, fostering personal growth through “hybrid” or “cosmopolitan” identities. By centring male students’ experiences, this review highlights the need for intersectional research and culturally responsive policies to address faith-based exclusion and promote inclusivity in European higher education.