Evaluation of the Effects of Therapeutic Approaches on Oxidative Stress Markers and Cytokine Profile in Peripheral Blood of Animals With Experimentally Induced Periodontitis

The aim of the study – to evaluate the effectiveness of different therapeutic approaches, on oxidative stress parameters and the blood cytokine profile in animals with experimentally induced periodontitis. Material and methods of the study. In the experimental study, 77 Wistar rats were used to model experimental periodontitis by means of a high-carbohydrate diet for 60 days. Depending on the method of correction of dystrophy-inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues, the experimental animals were divided into groups: Group III – correction was carried out by using the drug “Actovegin gel”; Group IV – correction was carried out by phototherapy with lowintensity laser radiation (LILR); Group V – combined use of “Actovegin gel” + LILR phototherapy. The obtained data were compared with those of intact rats (Group I) and animals with modeled periodontal phenomena, which did not undergo treatment of dystrophic-inflammatory changes (Group II). The state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant system (AOS) was determined by spectrophotometric analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, catalase activity in blood serum and calculation of antioxidant-protective index (ratio of catalase activity to MDA level) using a UNICO 2800 spectrophotometer (United Products Instruments, USA). Determination of the levels of cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in the blood of rats was performed by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Scientific novelty. The findings of the studies indicated that the concurrent application of “Actovegin-gel” and phototherapy with low-intensity laser radiation for the control of dystrophicinflammatory phenomena in periodontal tissues in animals of group V caused a decrease in the content of MDA in the blood of rats by 42,35% against the background of an increase in catalase activity by 63,33% and the values of the API index by 2,7 times in comparison with the baseline data, p<0,01. The decrease in the content of cytokines in the blood was studied by 28,47% – IL-1β and TNF-a – by 28,47% in comparison with the baseline data, p<0,01. A decrease in the levels of cytokines in the blood was observed, with a 28,47% decrease in IL-1β and a 47,0% decrease in TNF-a compared to the data prior to treatment (p<0,01). Concurrently, in the experimental groups where the modelling of periodontitis was treated with the separate application of Actovegin-gel (Group III) and photodynamic therapy (Group IV), the dynamics of clinical, biochemical, immunological and morphological parameters during treatment exhibited a less pronounced positive result. Conclusions. Thus, the combined use of “Actovegin-gel” and phototherapy with low-intensity laser radiation in the treatment of dystrophic-inflammatory lesions of periodontal tissues causes a pronounced synergistic effect, which is manifested in the maximum stabilization of oxidative homeostasis parameters and a significant reduction in the proinflammatory cytokine background in experimental periodontitis.