Evaluating Port-to-ICD Logistical Bottlenecks and Their Impact on Customs Clearance Delays at EX NASACO Inland Container Depot, Tanzania

Inland Container Depots (ICDs) extend seaport capacity but often shift congestion inland. This study investigates how port-to-ICD logistical bottlenecks prolong customs-clearance at EX NASACO ICD in Dar es Salaam. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, 80 stakeholders (customs officers, freight forwarders, depot managers, traders) completed a five-item logistical-inefficiency survey (Cronbach’s α = .82). Descriptive statistics showed high means for arrival-pattern variability (µ = 4.16) and coordination gaps (µ = 4.03). Pearson’s correlation linked inefficiency to clearance time (r = .66, p < .01), and an OLS regression found each one-point inefficiency increase adds 0.28 days (~6.7 hours) to dwell time (β = .28, p = .001; adjusted R² = .56). Fifteen semi-structured interviews revealed fragmented scheduling, agency silos, and yard under-utilization as key delay drivers. Triangulation confirms that asynchronous release-note uploads and misaligned truck-slot assignments generate systemic delays that equipment investments alone cannot solve. The study recommends implementing a shared digital slot-booking dashboard, establishing a joint operations centre for real-time coordination, and adopting a port community system to synchronize workflows measures projected to cut average clearance by one-third and enhance regional trade facilitation.