Perinatal Pathology and Its Consequences for Population Health. Analytical Review

Significance. Perinatal pathology is caused by many factors, and its implementation leads to the emergence of various medical and social consequences and the formation of diseases that can manifest in adulthood. The most common are perinatal lesions of the central nervous system, recorded in 40.0-85.0% of children in the first year of life, and their consequences - in 20.0-25.0% of the child population. Purpose of the work was to determine the significance of perinatal pathology and its consequences for the health of the population based on data from domestic and foreign studies. Materials and methods. An analysis of scientific studies devoted to perinatal pathology and its consequences both in childhood and in adulthood was carried out. The search for publications in which the results of studies were presented was carried out in two open databases eLibrary.Ru and PubMed®. After a multi-stage selection, 32 publications were selected for analysis that best met the query conditions and did not contradict the inclusion / exclusion conditions. Results. The analysis showed that children with perinatal CNS damage even by the age of 14 years still have psychoemotional disorders (40.0%), visual impairment (16.0%), and more than 30.0% have heart rhythm disturbances. The most common remote consequence of perinatal CNS damage is cerebral palsy, which is recorded in combination with epilepsy (from 55.0% to 94.0% of cases), mental retardation (from 40.0% to 65.0%), visual and hearing impairments, speech (50.0%), eating disorders (20.0%) and behavior and goes beyond the scope of only a pediatric problem. In addition to neurological and mental disorders, perinatal pathology caused by prematurity plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular pathology and, in particular, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure. In addition, prematurity is a high-risk factor for early mortality, where the determining parameter is gestational age (from 1.44 at 23-33 weeks of pregnancy to 1.23 at 34-36 weeks). Conclusions. The most common perinatal pathology is neurological diseases, often combined with mental, speech and behavioral disorders that persist into adulthood. A high-risk factor is prematurity, which contributes to the early development of cardiovascular pathology.