The Role of Hypertension in the Loss of Health Population Amid the Spread of Cardiovascular Risks

Significance. Hypertension is the most common form of cardiovascular pathology, which is currently found even in children. It has been shown that poor self-assessment of health is most closely associated with smoking, the presence of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Knowledge of the relationship between hypertension, risk factors for its development and self-assessment of health will allow monitoring the impact of measures to combat risk factors and their impact on the development of complications. Purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between self-assessments of health status and the spread of modifiable risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and the level of awareness about their impact on health for people of working age with hypertension. Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of selective monitoring of the health status of the Rosstat population for 2023 has been carried out. The responses of men aged 18-64 and women aged 18-59 to 41 questions from different sections of the questionnaire related to hypertension risk factors, awareness of them, and health assessments were analyzed. A comparison was made of the response rates of respondents with a diagnosis of hypertension and those who indicated the absence of hypertension. The odds ratios and their confidence intervals were calculated using the contingency tables in the Statistica-6 program. Results. Among the respondents of working age, the proportion of people who indicated that they had a diagnosis of hypertension was 15.0% among men and 15.4% among women. At the time of the survey, men with hypertension rated their well-being on a 100-point scale by an average of 72.3 points, men without hypertension by 85.7 points. The women's scores were similar: 73.7 and 85.5 points. Respondents with hypertension are not always aware of the harm to their health of cardiovascular risk factors, and less often of excessive salt intake. Most often, respondents are aware of the harm of high blood pressure and alcohol abuse. Most of the respondents are insufficiently informed about the importance of unhealthy diet factors for their health, including excessive salt intake and low physical activity. Conclusion. Self-assessment of the health status of patients with hypertension is consistent with the spread of risk factors for its development only if these assessments are poor. Raising public awareness of the risk factors for hypertension is not a sufficient measure to prevent the spread of this disease and its complications, and measures are needed to promote a healthy lifestyle for patients, as well as to encourage proper eating habits for children and their parents.