Advances in the application of stress-resilient and growth-enhancing seed coating and pelleting technology for ecological restoration.

The core mechanism of stress-resilient and growth-enhancing seed coating and pelleting technology involves applying a multifunctional protective layer to seeds with liquid or powder coating agents. This layer enhances seed resilience to environmental stressors, making the technology a promising tool for ecological restoration. We reviewed the theoretical basis and development of the technology, including seed coating principles, the selection and optimization of active and inert materials, and composite coatings, and advances in pelleting techniques. We further evaluated its effectiveness in restoring degraded grasslands, saline-alkali soils, and mining areas, highligh-ting its adaptability to diverse ecological contexts. Despite promising outcomes, challenges remain concerning the environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term impacts of coating materials. Future research should focus on improving material performance, establishing standardized technical frameworks, and fostering innovations that enhance environmental and economic viability. Advances in those directions would provide stronger technical support for ecological restoration.